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Abstract
Arabs have a very rich cradle of knowledge as they absorbed the ancient philosophical sources as well as the religious culture. All this is combined with their utmost care for the literary heritage that is rich in linguistic matters. Such a diversity of knowledge enabled them to analyze the linguistic phenomena, and the study of linguistic signs, and exploring their characteristics have been among the basics of their linguistic fields of study for Arabs. They found that such linguistic signs have many aspects and components, and that the relationship between such aspects or components may endow some distinctive features to these signs. Arabic scholars were unique in their observation of such characteristics, such as: the feature of matching between the signifier and the referent in the sign in which the relation of similarity is normal between the signifier and the referent. They thought deeply of this kind and found in it an implied feature that varies according to the type of referent. Referents can be verbs, and the appropriate sounds of such verbs are selected according to the variety of the verbs in matters of their strength and weakness. It is settled in Arabic linguistic critical thought that the vast majority of signs are governed by the arbitrary relation between the signifiers and their referents and meanings. Also, they put their hands on some characteristics that are determined by the relation of the signifiers by the contexts, so the utterances are assigned for complete or partial meanings by a noticeable personal or objective issue, and they highlighted the linguistic signs which have a rational attribute according to the implication and compliance, which may lead to the call for the literal rather than metaphorical use of signifiers. They expanded the details of the features of signifiers according to the meanings, and referred to the specific, the general and the joint, and they listed the interpretive, the summative and the types of significations; as well as the expressions, the references and the meaning of the text, the required, the spoken utterance and the concept, the explicit and the implicit, the discourse, the faulty speech, consistency and inconsistency
Keywords
Abstract
Arabs have a very rich cradle of knowledge as they absorbed the ancient philosophical sources as well as the religious culture. All this is combined with their utmost care for the literary heritage that is rich in linguistic matters. Such a diversity of knowledge enabled them to analyze the linguistic phenomena, and the study of linguistic signs, and exploring their characteristics have been among the basics of their linguistic fields of study for Arabs. They found that such linguistic signs have many aspects and components, and that the relationship between such aspects or components may endow some distinctive features to these signs. Arabic scholars were unique in their observation of such characteristics, such as: the feature of matching between the signifier and the referent in the sign in which the relation of similarity is normal between the signifier and the referent. They thought deeply of this kind and found in it an implied feature that varies according to the type of referent. Referents can be verbs, and the appropriate sounds of such verbs are selected according to the variety of the verbs in matters of their strength and weakness. It is settled in Arabic linguistic critical thought that the vast majority of signs are governed by the arbitrary relation between the signifiers and their referents and meanings. Also, they put their hands on some characteristics that are determined by the relation of the signifiers by the contexts, so the utterances are assigned for complete or partial meanings by a noticeable personal or objective issue, and they highlighted the linguistic signs which have a rational attribute according to the implication and compliance, which may lead to the call for the literal rather than metaphorical use of signifiers. They expanded the details of the features of signifiers according to the meanings, and referred to the specific, the general and the joint, and they listed the interpretive, the summative and the types of significations; as well as the expressions, the references and the meaning of the text, the required, the spoken utterance and the concept, the explicit and the implicit, the discourse, the faulty speech, consistency and inconsistency