Author :
Abstract
İki ve/veya çok dillilerin beyninde konuşma faaliyeti esnasında dil kullanımından sorumlu yürütücü işlevleri yerine getiren nöronları birbirine bağlayan sinapsların sayısında artış görülür. Bu artış kişilerde konuşma sürecinden sorumlu dil ağına ek olarak prefrontal korteksin faaliyete geçmesiyle meydana gelir. Dil kullanımında yürütücü işlevleri yerine getiren nöronları birbirine bağlayan sinapsların sayısının artmasının dışında prefrontal korteksin de faaliyete geçmesiyle konuşma lobu yeniden şekillenir; bu da beynin bu alanının boyutunun büyümesine ve buna koşut olarak işlevinin de artarak güçlenmesine neden olur. Beynin bu şekilde bir değişim ve gelişime uğraması bilişsel performansın da gelişmesine katkı sağlanır. Yapılan birçok araştırmanın sonucuna göre iki/çok dilliler akademik başarı, uzun vadeli sağlık ve esenlik, özdenetim, esnek görev değiştirme yeteneği, çalışma belleği ve yoğunlaşma gerektiren görevlerde tek dillilerden çok daha başarılıdırlar. Beynin fazladan bu tür faaliyetlere odaklanabiliyor olması ve bununla ilintili yararların kapsamı -hangi dilin/dillerin konuşulduğuna bakılmaksızın- hepsinde aynıdır. Burada belirleyici olan etken, kişinin ikinci dili kullanma sıklığı, sahip olduğu dilsel yeterlilik, normlara uygun dilbilgisel yapılar hakkındaki bilgisinin yanı sıra dili edindiği/öğrendiği yaştır
Keywords
Abstract
There is an increase in the number of synapses which connecting neurons and perform executive functions and responsible for speech usage during brain activity of bi/multilingualist. This increase is due to the activation of the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for the speech process. By activating the prefrontal cortex in addition to neurons that performing executive functions during language use, the lobe of speech is reshaped. As a result, the extent of this area by brain causes its function to become stronger. Such a change and development of the brain contributes to the development of cognitive performance.According to the results of many studies, bi/multilingual persons are more successful than monolinguals in terms of academic performance, long-term health and well-being, self-control, flexible workability, working memory and concentration. The degree to which the brain can focus on such activities and the level of benefits it brings - no matter which languages are spoken- is the same. The determining factors here are the frequency of using the second language, speech competence, knowledge of the grammatical structures in accordance with the norms and the age at which they acquire the language.
Keywords
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